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4.1 Structure of a programm complex of intellectualization of decision-making

For exact diagnosing of a condition of an organism are necessary avyotomatizirovannye the diagnostic complexes representing difficult enough dynamic system which, in turn, includes programmno-means of reception and information machining.

Such systems are necessary not only for the solution of tasks in view on the basis of the builted algorithms and models, but also and for preparation of specialists for work with them [77, 78].

The leading role of these systems consists in reception necessary for adoption of administrative solutions of the information on a prototype system fitting to this or that class-room that on the basis of the aforesaid to predict the further condition of installation.

The optimum approach to construction of such systems includes presence of the several interconnected subsystems oriented on performance razlichyonyh of highly specialised problems within the limits of developed algorithm of functioning of all system [79 - 81].

In drawing 4.1 the typical structure for a bioengineering system on the basis of data of a computer tomograph [8] is offered.

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Drawing 4.1 - Structure of a bioengineering system of diagnostic and treatment pulmoyonologicheskih diseases on the basis of KT

The application for work with a database consists of seven modules.

Functional purpose of modules the following:

- Module So_seO_Rag іі to it allows to sample the patient from a database for further diagnostic or check of efficiency of the chosen method of treatment;

- Module ChiseOfTreatment is intended for diagnostic product zaboleyovany patients. Comprises unique algorithm by definition a way of treatment;

- Module AsHogshjop is necessary for authorisation of the user;

- Module Insert_wmdοw is required for addition of patients in a database;

- Module Ma_pA ' іпсІом - the main window of the program. It is necessary for a shipping season

Under the program;

- Module MeFsa1 _ ^ ogu infers the case record of the patient;

- Module TestMain makes diagnostic of disease of the patient.

In drawing 4.2 seven programm modules are represented.

Drawing 4.2 - Functional interacting of programm modules

The orbital module - MainWindow. This module is the main window of the program and serves for peredachmi data between other windows.

It is necessary to note, the given system works on MS Windows XP and above, and takyozhe it is required subd not more low Orade database 11g express edition [122 - 124]. Also it is necessary to have a memory unconfined space on a disk in 4000 KB. The algorithm of machining of the medical information is structurally presented in drawing 4.3

Drawing 4.3 - Structure of diagnosing system

The following important installation is a control system of databases with which help was possiblly to address to knowledge base contents, to look through the information on patients and possible methods of treatment.

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Drawing 4.4 - the Block diagramme of a biotechnical complex illustrating interacting of its structural parts among themselves

It is necessary to note, that the block diagramme of the program resulted above has been developed taking into account coverage of the functional components necessary for maintenance of competent work of diagnostic process - drawing 4.4.

Further there is a consideration of medical expert system.

Such system consists of the arranged in sequence body of knowledge. StrukYOturirovanie data it is necessary for simplification of process of decision making.

Speaking to language of specialists, the "knowledge" term represents the information necessary for the software that that worked "intellectually". This information takes the form of rules and the facts, not always with certain accuracy true or false. Sometimes occurs to be a certain percent of doubt of the truth of the fact and accuracy of this or that rule. If this doubt is expressed obviously it is called as "confidence coefficient".

The majority of rules of expert systems are empirical simplifications or rules which rationally narrow a circle of search of the solution.

In an aspect of labour content of a problem of diagnostic and treatment of diseases which is not given to be analysed matematicheski and to solve algorithmically, expert medical systems use heuristics as problems of diagnostic and treatment of diseases which they solve, are difficult, are not up to the end clear and do not give in to the algorithmic solution or strict mathematical analysis. The algorithmic method secures the correct or optimum solution of a problem of diagnostic whereas the heuristic method gives the most comprehensible solution in most cases.

Knowledge in expert system of pulmonology is organised in such a manner that they separate from each other knowledge of a subject domain are separated from diagnostic problem solving. Value, how vzaimodejtsvovat with the user-doctor is analogously separated. The gated out knowledge of a subject domain are called as the knowledge base, and the general knowledge of a finding of solutions of tasks in view nazyvayojutsja mezanizmom a leading-out. In drawing 4.5 the structure of a programm complex is resulted. The baseline pulmonologicheskih knowledge contains the facts of diseases of lungs
(Data) and rules (or other representations of knowledge), using these facts as a basis for decision-making.

The leading-out mechanism consists of the interpretive program and the dispatcher. Peryj serves for definition of usability of the rule necessary for representation of results of diagnostic, poroishodjashchej on the basis of the information stored in the knowledge base, and second - neobhlodim for revealing of an order of application of rules.

Drawing 4.5 - Structure of the informational interacting of components biotehniyocheskogo a complex

In an aspect of possibility not to take in attention izmnenija a circumambient in the course of the solution of a problem the Knowledge base of expert system of diagnostic is

Static as here there is a possibility not to consider change okruyozhajushchego the world for all time of the solution of a problem.

Β work of expert medical system can gate out two basic regimes: a regime of acquisition of medical knowledge and a regime of statement of the diagnosis (a regime of consultation or use regime). Β a regime of acquisition of knowledge dialogue with expert system is carried out by the expert (the highly skilled lung specialist). Using a component of acquisition of knowledge, the doctor presents problem area in the form of set of rules and the facts. In other words, "zayopolnjaet" expert system knowledge which give the chance to it samostojayotelno to solve problems from problem area. It is necessary to note, that to the given regime at the traditional approach to programming there match stages: alyogoritmizatsii, programming and the adjustments which are carried out by the development engineer.

Thus, unlike the traditional approach in case of medical expert system filling up of programs is carried out not by the programmer, and the doctor - the expert who is not owning skills of programming.

Β a regime of consultations dialogue with expert system is carried out by the doctor - the lung specialist whom the result-diagnosis and (or) a way of its reception interests.

It is important to note, that unlike traditional programs expert system at the solution of a problem of diagnostic not only execute ordered alyogoritmom sequence of operations, but also itself preliminary creates it.

The offered expert system of diagnostic and treatment has possibility samoobuchatsja on solved problems, filling up automatically the knowledge base reyozultatami the gained leading-outs and solutions.

Boundedness of a problem of diagnostic and treatment of pulmonary diseases, reshayoemoj by means of expert system, has been solved by means of a combination of a neural network and usual mathematical methods and construction from them

The hierarchical blocks, one of which use results of work of others for the acts.

Also it is necessary to note, that application of implicit algorithms does not contradict and at all does not cancel use of formal methods, and actually considerably supplements them.

For example, if by means of a neural network the optimum combination of medical products for treatment of the patient is defined, and is available soveryoshenno accurate and univocal contra-indication to appointment defined prepayorata, simple logical unit can be injected into expert system, preyopjatstvujushchy to appointment of this medicine irrespective of the solution of a neural network.

Diagnostic block diagramme consists of several components.

First of them - "Interface" which, in turn, also consists of components and represents hardware-software means, obespechivayojushchee graphical representation and volume the information between the person and kompjuyoterom [82].

Β the presented programm complex it is the system of means allowing the user to bring necessary data in system and as gives the chance to observe of result of work of the program visually.

Structure "Interface" is shown in drawing 4.6.

«The conversational mode of work from a DB» represents the window form in which it is possible to carry out following acts: to bring in data of patients, to look through and edit data of patients, to look through and edit given diagnostics.

The component «the Regime of diagnostic on the basis of data of the laboratory analysis» allows to make classical diagnostic of pulmonary diseases of the patient by results of laboratory researches of lungs, on the basis of predisposition to one of aspects of diseases of pulmonary cloths.

Drawing 4.6 - the "Interface" Block diagramme

«A conversational mode of work with SD» - a subsystem of a databank, which otveyochaet for the centralised storage of the information on structures of data, interconnections of files of a database with each other, types of data and formats of their representation, and also for a fitting given to users.

«An intellectual regime of the analysis of data ΚΤ» - a system component, razyorabotannyj on the basis of algorithm of digital machining of pictures of a computer tomograph with use svertochnoj a neural network. He allows to make diagnostic of pulmonary diseases at early stages of development.

Component «the Directory system» opens access to the list of clinical signs of pulmonary diseases, and also to the information on all necessary specimens for the diseases put by system.

The following component with which it is necessary to gate out - «diagnostic System», allowing to process the gained information, and also opreyodelit the diagnosis. Structure «diagnostic System» is resulted in drawing 4.5.

The component «source information Formation» is responsible for a roughing-out of the information which means conformity of the brought in information: clinical and ultrasonic research, and also research KT.

«The analysis of the injected information» - the component of the program realising alyogoritm checks of brought in data.

«The additional information» - introduction of the additional information on the patient.

«Diagnostic of pulmonary pathologies on the basis of pictures KT» - algorithm of recognition and diagnostic of diseases of lungs on the basis of developed svertochnoj the neural network capable in details to analyse pictures kompjuyoternogo of a tomograph.

«Adoption the solution on a basis svertochnoj» allows a neural network opreyodelit boundary lines of areas in a picture with possible pathologies and to gate out such boundary lines with red colour.

«Diagnosis statement» - the final stage on which the system on the basis of data of the laboratory analysis or the given pictures of a computer tomograph makes the definitive diagnosis.

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Scientific source Vasilchenko Vladislav Alekseevich. INTELLECTUALIZATION of PROCESSES of ADOPTION of MEDICAL SOLUTIONS Within the limits of a bioengineering system of DIAGNOSTIC And TREATMENT of PULMONOLOGICHESKY DISEASES. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Tech.Sci. Voronezh - 2019. 2019

Other medical related information 4.1 Structure of a programm complex of intellectualization of decision-making:

  1. BIBLIOGRAPHIC SPIKOK
  2. Experimental researches on processing of video shots of ultrasonic
  3. theoretical approaches to research kreativnosti in foreign and domestic psychology