<<
>>

3.3. A penetrance and expressivity fastsiirovannyh lines arabidopsisa under various conditions of vegetation

Penetrance Fastsiirovannyh of lines arabidopsisa at the various

Vegetation conditions

It is theoretically possible to assume, that fastsiirovannyh plants if they a heterozygote, on a gene hlorofillnoj failures, there should be 66,66 % in relation to green bulavovidnym to plants.

Actually, fastsiirovannyh plants it has appeared less and not in the identical quantitative attitude for different phylums of cross. Under the attitude to total of plants fastsiirovannyh there should be 12,5 %. Actually, this size varied from 0,79 % to 15,79 %. Quantity Reduction fastsiirovannyh plants to green bulavovidnym it is possible to explain (tab. 14) not full exhibiting of a sign fastsiatsii. fastsiirovannyh plants to the general number of plants, it is possible to explain quantity augmentation  destruction of yellow plants. From table 14 follows, that on descendants of plants from cross 90xV-76 and 90x568/5 reduction of light day and fall of temperature of air reacts with quantity augmentation fastsiirovannyh plants. At descendants 90x12.6.15 the insignificant augmentation of quantity fastsiirovannyh plants in the spring is observed. At the same time spring conditions, namely augmentation of light day and air rise in temperature promote quantity augmentation fastsiirovannyh plants at descendants 90x58.15 and 90x130. Quantity reduction fastsiirovannyh plants was observed in summer conditions of a high-mountainous Biological research station "Siyokuh". Schedules of change of temperature of air in of Dushanbe and on the Biological research station "Siyokuh", and also the schedule a longitude of light day are presented in the appendix. At fastsiirovannyh plants the individual collecting of seeds has been effected, these seeds have compounded a collection of seeds of the third generation. It is necessary to notice that fact, that the plants which have been grown up on the Biological research station "Siyokuh" have been brought to of Dushanbe in October.

Table 14

Cultivation.

Variant

Crosses

In relation to green bulavovidnym to plants (%) In relation to the general number of plants (%)
The autumn

Sowings

1999

vesenie

Sowings of 2000

The summer

Sowings of 2000

The autumn

Sowings

vesenie

Sowings

The summer

Sowings

90x58/15 20 56,52 17,6 4,62 13,2 3,6
90xV-76 50 35,29 13,9 10 6,59 2,8
90x568/5 47,37 26,32 12,1 7,76 6,02 3
90x12.6.5 41,94 44 27,4 8,33 14,2 4,5
90x130 7,14 37,5 3,8 0,79 15,7 ODES

Quantity fastsiirovannyh plants depending on conditions

Deducing and studying of lines fastsiirovannyh plants was one of problems of our research.

In F2 the phenomenon fastsiatsii has been noticed only among a class green bulavovidnyh plants. The phenomenon fastsiatsii has not been noticed among a class of double homozygotes from which already in the second generation, probably, there would be a deducing of pure homozygous lines.

For convenience of work with fastsiirovannymi plants working code numbers have been introduced, and fastsiirovannye plants at which were are taken seeds, are numbered. In this case, to avoid mess and bulky names, for example, such: fastsiirovannoe a plant received from cross 90x12.6.15, taken from the first plant, we have introduced the term "line". In the third and fourth generations the lines received from fastsiirovannyh of plants of one combination of cross had very big distinctions among themselves. So, from descendants 90x12.6.15 there were lines А1, А2, AZ, А4, and from descendants 90xV-76 - lines Б1, Б2, BZ, further, from descendants 90x58/15-lines BI, В2, VZ, В4, from descendants 90x130 - lines Г1, Г2, from descendants 90x568/5 - lines Д1, Д2, DZ. The collecting of seeds in the second generation was effected at plants with a strongly pronounced expression of a sign fastsiatsii.

Spring of 2000 was posejano the third generation for hypothesis check about geterozigotnoste fastsiirovannyh plants. The penetrance account in F3 is presented in table 15. From it it is visible, that the sign fastsiatsii possesses the big variability. Theoretically, in a case fastsiirovannyh heterozygotes, on a gene hlorofillnoj failures, we should expect following scission: 1 part bulavovidnyh green homozygotes, 2 parts bulavovidnyh green heterozygotes, 1 part yellow bulavovidnyh homozygotes. In case of 100 % of survival rate of representatives of all classes, fastsiirovannyh plants should be about 50 %. This requirement is answered with lines Б1, Б2, DZ.

In case of  destruction yellow bulavovidnyh plants, the percent fastsiirovannyh is expected about 66,66 %. To this requirement there correspond lines AZ, В2, В4. However there are lines with high and even 100 % a sign penetrance fastsiatsii. Existence of lines from 100 % fastsiatsiej can be explained presence at a genome of these plants of minor genes (modifiers) which enhance action of key genes [1].

The saltant 90 has descended from strain Blanus. Hlorofillnye saltants from strains Colombia and Enhajm. The high penetrance fastsiatsii at a saltant 90 in brooding from cross with allelic hlorofillnymi saltants, 58/15, 12.6.15, V-76 received on the basis of strain Enhajm can be bound to presence in a genome of this strain of the modifier intensifying exhibiting of a mutation clavata.

fastsiatsii at lines BZ and Д1 it is possible to explain the low interest incomplete exhibiting of a sign fastsiatsii. In relation to lines Г1 and Г2 such explanation does not approach. Line Г1 fastsiirovannyh has not enough plants, at line Г2 they are absent. Most likely, features of a genome (genotype) hlorofillnogo a saltant 130 do not promote sign exhibiting fastsiatsii as genes of others hlorofillnyh saltants. Fastsiirovannoj in line Г1 it is inherent poorly expressed fastsiatsija.

From table 15 follows, that the sign fastsiatsii shows on - a miscellaneous. Lines A., V. D. Have high percent fastsiirovannyh plants, and line B. Average, lines G - low. The penetrance of line А1, AZ exceeds a penetrance of parents. Line А2 is similar to the initial form, and line А4 has not given any fastsiirovannogo a plant. Line А4 was is taken from fastsiirovannogo plants for check of possibility of reception fastsiirovannogo plants from fastsiirovannogo by an induction fastsiatsii/increase in light day and air / temperature. The penetrance of lines Б1 and Б2 is similar to the second generation, line BZ had smaller percent fastsiirovannyh plants, than in the second generation. In lines Б1 and Б2 change of conditions has not affected percent fastsiirovannyh plants. Line BZ had smaller quantity fastsiirovannyh plants, than in the second generation. Also as well as in the second generation, penetrance decrease descends in the spring. At line А1 and AZ show higher penetrance in the spring. Lines In differ the crosswise form of a caulis. Lines In in the third generation had high to 100 % fastsiirovannyh plants. Both in the third, and in the second generation the penetrance fastsiatsija was above in the spring. At lines G higher percent fastsiatsii, showed as in the second, and the third generation in the spring, however the expression fastsiatsii is poorly expressed. Line Д1 has shown in the third generation smaller percent fastsiatsii, than in the second generation, level reduction fastsiirovannyh plants was necessary for the spring. Line Д2 differed high level fastsiatsii.

Table 15

Descendants from cross
90x12.6.15 90XV-76 90x58/15 90x130 90x568/5
А1 75,47 Б1 52,75 В1 76,74 Г1 12,28 Д1 24,71
А242 Б2 55,26 В2 66,67 Г20 Д2 96,43
AZ 61,82 BZ 24,39 VZ 100 - Д3 50
А40 - В4 66,67 - ■■

Penetrance in F3 fastsiirovannyh plants (in %), of Dushanbe spring of 2000

Autumn of 2000 were posejany the seeds taken from strong fastsiirovannyh of plants, at plants with average degree fastsiatsii and poorly expressed fastsiatsiej. Seeds F4 of generation in the winter 2000-2001 have been received. The penetrance account in F4 generation, (tab. 16) has been effected. Analyzing given tab. 16, it is possible to tell, that from plants with a strongly pronounced expression fastsiatsii lines А1Г5, А1Е1, АЗЖ2, В1ГЗ, В1Ж1 have been received. The quantity fastsiirovannyh plants here compounded about 60 % that corresponded to expected quantity. We also have received lines from 100 % fastsiatsiej are lines Б2Б1 and В1ГЗ, В1Ж1. The explanation of the given phenomenon is similar to an explanation concerning the third generation - is possible, influence of modifiers affects.

However from a line from 100 % fastsiatsiej VZ we did not manage to receive a line from 100 % a sign penetrance fastsiatsii. In brooding of line D were poorly fastsiirovannye plants. Plants of line В1ГЗ were posejany in two variants, but have shown different degree fastsiatsii, that specifies in influence of external factors on exhibiting degree fastsiatsii.

In F4 selection went on a line with strongly expressed fastsiatsiej / А1Г5, А1Е1, В1Ж1, Б2Б1, АЗЖ2/, lines with sredne expressed фасциацией/А1В4, А1Г2, AZDZ, В1АЗ, В1ДЗ, В2ЕЗ/and lines/G and D/with poorly expressed fastsiatsiej.

On the basis of analysis of data of table 16 it is possible to draw following conclusions. Among line А1 plants with strongly pronounced fastsiatsiej А1Г5 and А1Е1, with sredne expressed fastsiatsiej А1Г2, with poorly expressed fastsiatsiej А1В4 have been culled.

Table 16

Penetrance in F4 fastsiirovannyh plants, (in %)

Sowing Autumn of 2000 - winter 2001. Of Dushanbe.

Descendants from cross
90x12.6.15 90xV-76 90x58/15 90x130 90x568/5
А1*Г5 **-62,07

А1В4-37,3

А1Г2-42,11

А1Е1-60

Б1Д2-56

Б1Е4-23

Б1Ж1-0

В1 АЗ-22,58

В1ЖЗ-26,67

В1ДЗ-46,67

В1ГЗ-63,64

В1ГЗ-100

В1Ж1-100

Г1Г2-0

Г1Г4-3

Г1Г4-3

Д1Е4-17,86

Д1ДЗ-22,73

А2ЖЗ-40

А2Д5-20

А2Г4-18

А2Г2-9

Б2Б1-100

Б2Г1-41,3

Б2Д2-12,5

Б2БЗ-43,75

ВЗЖ1-60 Д2 АЗ-2,67

Д2В1-9,09

АЗГ5-18,18

АЗД1-17,65

АЗДЗ-25

AZ А5-11,11

АЗЖ2-60,05

БЗБ4-17,89

БЗГ2-5,4

ДЗВЗ-0

ДЗАЗ-14,29

ДЗГ5-12

ДЗЕ2-20

Примечание:*индекс Designates plant number in the second generation from which there was a line; ** the second letter and figure designate a plant place in kultivatsionnom a box at cultivation of the third generation; kultivatsionnyj a box divided into sectors, like a chessboard on length of a box - a letter designation, on width - digital. Each sector corresponds to the small cavity in which was posejano a plant.

At plants of lines Л1Г5 and А1Е1 fastsiatsija it was observed less than, in the third generation that is characteristic for descendants 90x12.6.15. In the autumn the percent fastsiatsii at them decreased a little. Descendants of plants with less expressed fastsiatsiej have shown a smaller penetrance, they too concern lines А2 and AZ. At descendants from plants with strongly pronounced fastsiatsiej the percent fastsiatsii is less, than in the third generation. Among line Б1Ж1 it has been culled bulavovidnoe well educed, but not fastsiirovannoe a plant. Its brooding - not fastsiirovannye plants though conditions of the autumn season were congenial for exhibiting fastsiatsii. Б1Д2 - plants with a strongly pronounced expression, Б1Е4 - plants with srednevyrazhennoj an expression. Similar it was observed at lines Б2 and BZ. From plant Б2Б1 plants from 100 % fastsiatsiej have been received. Lines В1АЗ, В1ЖЗ, В1ДЗ, В1Г4 differed in smaller percent fastsiirovannyh plants, than in the third generation. For descendants 90x58/15 percent reduction fastsiatsii is characteristic in the autumn season, similar was traced in lines В2... And В4... Descendants of line VZ inherited a sign fastsiatsii on 100 %. An exception among lines В1. Compounded lines В1ГЗ and В1Ж1. From these lines the brooding from 100 % by a penetrance fastsiatsii in the fourth generation is received. В1 possessed the big percent fastsiatsii, besides at descendants 90x58/15 percent fastsiatsii in the autumn below. On - visible, the plants inheriting a strongly pronounced sign fastsiatsii show it is not dependent on growth conditions. At line Г1 - the sign fastsiatsii gradually faded, fastsiirovannyh it is not enough plants and fastsiatsija is expressed poorly. Lines D... Compound an exception of the general rule. Judging by F2, the percent fastsiirovannyh at descendants 90x568/5 is more than plants in autumn. However at lines Д2 and DZ high level fastsiatsii was observed at spring sowing.

In the fourth generation were vysejany the seeds collected from plants of lines Д1Е4, Д1 DZ - average degree fastsiatsii, lines Д2АЗ and Д2В1 -

Poorly expressed fastsiatsija, line Д2В1 - sredne expressed fastsiatsija, line Д2Г5 - strongly pronounced fastsiatsija, line DZVZ not fastsiirovannoe a plant, lines DZAZ, ДЗГ5 - poorly expressed degree fastsiatsii, line ДЗЖ5 - strongly pronounced fastsiatsija. From lines D. It was not possible to receive descendants from 100 % fastsiatsiej, at the same time it is necessary to notice, that at line Д2 in the third generation the high percent fastsiatsii was observed. In succeeding generations it is possible to observe actually constant penetrance of a sign fastsiatsii. (Tab. 23-24 Appendix) At lines D the penetrance was low, at the others was in limens of 50-60 %, an exception was - line В1Ж1 of 100 % fastsiirovannyh plants.

According to data of table 16 and tab. 23-24 see the appendix a penetrance fastsiatsii fades at descendants from cross 90x130 in the fourth generation, the penetrance fastsiatsii at other lines remains approximately at identical level. Expressivity is transferred to descendants and the quantity depends on force of an expression fastsiirovannyh descendants.

Expressivity ______ fastsiirovannyh ______ lines ______ arabidopsisa.

For expressivity studying fastsiirovannyh lines we had been compounded histograms (1-5), and also expressivity quotients on the procedure offered by S.M.Gershenzon (1983) are calculated. [16] As the control was 100 plants of a saltant 90 are taken. On the histogram 1 data for 100 plants fastsiirovannoj are presented line Б2Б1 (90xV - 76). Proceeding from histogram data, the expressivity quotient has been calculated, it has compounded 3,5 points. On the histogram 2 data for 95 plants of line А1Г5 are presented. The quotient fastsiatsii is equal 3,19 points. On the histogram 3 data for 65 plants fastsiirovannoj are presented line В1Ж1. The quotient fastsiatsii has compounded 4,65 points. On the histogram 4 data for 85 plants fastsiirovannoj are presented line Д1ДЗ. The quotient fastsiatsii has compounded 3 points.

On the histogram 5 data for 113 plants fastsiirovannoj are presented line Г1Г4. The quotient fastsiatsii has compounded 1 point.

The histogram 1 Frequency of occurrence fastsiirovanyh plants among line Б2Б1

Mm of mm of mm 12 15 18

Mm of mm of mm

Width of a caulis

And Fastsiirovanaja line Б2Б1

1-3 4 7-9 10-11 13-15 15-18 19 mm of mm of mm of mm of mm of mm 21мм

And Fastsiirovannaja line А1Г5

? A saltant 90


1-3 4-6 7-9 10 13 16

Mm of mm of mm 12 15 18

Mm of mm of mm

19

21

Mm

I Fastsiirovannaja line В1Ж1

1-3 4-6 7-9 10 13 16 mm of mm of mm 12 15 18

pg Fastsiirovannaja line Д1ДЗ

Mm

I Fastsiirovannaja line Г1Г4

Phylums fastsiatsii, observed in experiment.

1. Flat lentovidnaja

fastsiatsija. The caulis at height of 1-2 sm is flattened out and turns to a tape in width of 3-6 mm, height of a plant of 20-35 sm, diameter of the socket of 4 sm (a photo 9). In case of a strongly pronounced expression the caulis extends at the establishment and reaches at width 1,5 the Given phylum fastsiatsii see is characteristic for descendants V-76 of a plant of line Б2Г1. Plants are well educed: have many leaves and pods, thick

Not lodging caulis. Among plants of line Б2Г1 there are plants with zontikoobraznymi inflorescences and short pods. The same phylum fastsiatsii is observed at descendants 90x130, but with poorly expressed expression. At line D. Descendants 90x568/5 as it is observed lentovidnaja fastsiatsija, tops of caulises and inflorescences light green. A special case fastsiatsii such phylum is "screw", that is the plant caulis turns round the erect axis on 180 degrees.

2. Spirally-lentovidnaja fastsiatsija. At the given phylum fastsiatsii the plant caulis at height of 5-6 sm twists in rings, from one to three turns, the width of a caulis of 5-7 mm, height of a plant of 15-20 sm, diameter of the socket 4 see the Given phylum fastsiatsii is characteristic for descendants 90х

12.6.15 lines А1В4, А1Е1, АЗЖ2. Line АЗЖ2 differs a high penetrance and strongly pronounced expressivity. Plants

Represent regionally twirled spiral consisting of rings densely pressed to each other.

In some cases at

fastsiirovannogo plants depart from a caulis normal branches (10,11).

3. Crosswise fastsiatsija. At

The given phylum fastsiatsii the plant height reaches 15-20 sm, diameter of the socket of 3-4 sm, width of a caulis of 5-7 mm, a caulis very thick, ridge, not lodging. At lines В1ГЗ В1Ж21 the caulis forms four enough wide edges, on a longitudinal section the caulis has the cross form. It consists as though of two

Perpendicularly crossing caulises. In case of poorly expressed fastsiatsii on a caulis it is formed three edges. The sign well keeps and is individual, specific to lines В1ГЗ иВ1Ж1 (a photo 12).

4. Nanous fastsiatsija. Plants with very wide caulis to 2 sm bent by a hook, but having - to 5 see small length the Caulis of such plants in several places can be lacerated and from fastsiirovanogo a caulis normal branches, diameter of the socket - 3 depart

The Similar phylum fastsiatsii see meets in the third generation of plant BZEZ and at its descendants in the fourth generation (a photo 13,14).

Inflorescences of all fastsiirovannyh plants - a dense anthodium (a photo 15). At

Lines В2ЕЗ the inflorescence takes an arch or crest form. Flowers at fastsiirovannyh plants 5 petal or 6 petal, pods bulavovidnye, number of septums in a pod 4-5, contrary to pods of a saltant 90 with three septums.

During experiment we observed the unusual phenomenon. Descendants from cross 90x58/15 from the semiopened pod had a branch with abortive knops.

It is interesting to notice the fact, that the gene flavi 1 in three allejnyh states gives various phylums fastsiatsy: flavi 1-5 (V-76) at cross with a saltant 90 gives lentovidnuju fastsiatsiju, flavi 1-2 (12.6.15) at cross with a saltant 90 gives spiral fastsiatsiju. At descendants from cross of a saltant 90 with flavi 1-1 (58/15) it is observed crosswise fastsiatsija. Qualitative characters fastsiatsii are descended, are stable and narrowly specific unlike a penetrance. On them it is possible to distinguish


Crosswise fastsiatsija. At fastsiirovannyh plants of other lines it was not observed.

fastsiatsii a caulis and a pod has the high

Degree of correlation with

Penetrance of this sign. Strong

Brightly

With high percent of a penetrance. Truly and anatropic - among lines with weak fastsiatsiej, for example, lines G. It was not observed plants with strongly pronounced fastsiatsiej. It is possible to track accurately, that plants with strongly pronounced fastsiatsiej give brooding with a high penetrance. Accordingly, the the sign fastsiatsii is less expressed, the it is less fastsiirovannyh than plants will be in brooding. Certainly, it is necessary to consider certain influence of conditions of growth of plants / a longitude of day, air / temperature.

In conclusion of the given section, it is possible to tell, that fastsiatsija it was observed in all combinations of cross. Fastsiirovannye plants have been noticed only among a class green bulavovidnyh plants. However the penetrance fastsiatsii was different. So at descendants from cross 90x130 a penetrance fastsiatsii low already in the third generation. Spring conditions enhance exhibiting fastsiatsii at descendants 90x130 and 90x58/15. Autumn conditions enhance exhibiting fastsiatsii at descendants 90xV-76, 90x568/5. At descendants 90x12.6.15 the penetrance fastsiatsii does not depend on conditions. In summer conditions the penetrance fastsiatsii was low. The gene flavi 1 in three allelic states gives various phylums fastsiatsy: flavi 1-5 (V-76) at cross with a saltant

90 Gives
lentovidnuju
fastsiatsiju, flavi
1-2 (12.6.15) At
Cross With
Saltant 90 Gives
The spiral
fastsiatsiju. AT
Descendants From
Crosses
Saltant 90 with flavi
1-1 (58/15)

It is observed crosswise fastsiatsija. On exhibiting fastsiatsii, probably, modifiers [1] react.

<< | >>
Scientific source Nikolaev Julia Evgenevna. Physiological and genetic aspects of the phenomenon of fasciation on the example of a model object Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. Thesis for the degree of candidate of biological sciences. DUSHANBE - 2006. 2006

Other medical related information 3.3. A penetrance and expressivity fastsiirovannyh lines arabidopsisa under various conditions of vegetation:

  1. Diaskintestj in diagnostics of a tubercular infection
  2. 1.6. Mediko-social problems of chronic hepatitises at children and teenagers.
  3. 4.4. Quality of a life of children and teenagers with chronic hepatitises
  4. Chapter 7. The PROGRAM CONCEPT «CHRONIC HEPATITISES At CHILDREN And TEENAGERS»
  5. THE LITERATURE LIST
  6. variants of therapy of an anaemia at chronic illnesses and their efficiency
  7. modern representation about an aetiology and a pathogenesis of an acute stenosing laryngitis (croup) at children
  8. 4.1. Studying of a microbiocenosis of a stomatopharynx and an intestine in nasopharyngeal washouts and excrements
  9. a material and research methods
  10. 5.1 Dynamics of complaints and features of the anamnesis of a life in nabljuyodaemyh groups.
  11. immunologic efficiency and safety of bacterination BTSZH of children born from sick HIV-infections of women
  12. THE LITERATURE LIST
  13. 2.1.2.22. Planning of medical experiment and statistical processing of results.
  14. the Method of a differentiation of toxic action of various metals on cells of kidneys, a liver and heart, preadolescent animals.
  15. Clinico-Anamnestichesky and urodinamicheskie research methods.
  16. results of psychological testing of children with disorders of an emiction and SNFTO, and also their mothers, an estimation of the received data.
  17. modern representations about an aetiology and a mucoviscidosis pathogenesis
  18. Detector Choice and Characterization
  19. Probes Optimization and Development