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the Central nervous system

Now it is possible sichtat the central nervous system established a role (TSNS) as the basic regulator and the integrator stressornyh reactions. The information with TSNS can arrive on specific eisodic ways from ekstero - and interoretseptorov or humoral by through the corresponding receptors localised in neurones.

Really, at stress in TSNS, organs and tissues of mammals there is variety of the changes, helping to survive both to the given subject, and a kind in whole [Selye G, 1972]. Mobilisation of those behavioural reactions and functions which allow an organism to adapt for adverse conditions faster is observed; " лишние" during this period behavioural reactions and the functions providing reproduction, a food and organism growth, choke.

the Sympathetic innervation of peripheral organs occurs from efferent preganglionic fibers which terminate in ganglions where synapses with postganglionic neurones and innervirujut form unstriated muscles of a vascular network, warm, sceletal muscles, kidneys, an intestine, and many other things organs. Preganglionic neurones are cholinergic, taking into consideration, that postganglionic neurones - mainly adrenergic.

the Hormonal answer arises at level of an organism and depends on the reflexes which occurrence is mediated by eisodic nerves. Though occurrence of the reflex referred on activation of sympathetic nervous system, can
become perceptible at level oblong or a spinal cord, believe, that coordination from a hypothalamus, similar to those which takes place at the control over secretion of hormones by a forward share of a pituitary body for this purpose is required. The exact way of passage of a signal from the eisodic nervous terminations to a hypothalamus has been in details tracked originally concerning AKTG and to a lesser degree for a vasopressin and catecholamins (fig. 5). Other kernels of a hypothalamus play the central role in occurrence of these reflexes at the expense of supervising rilizing-factors which control secretion of various hormones by a forward share of a pituitary body or activity of vegetative nervous system [Shalyapin V. G, 1976, 1996].

nejrotransmittery hiluses of ionic channels influence a cell through bound to a membrane regulated ligandami. Steroids and trijodtironin (Т3) contact cytosolic receptors which break up from fibers of a thermal shock, are transferred to a kernel and cause a specific gene transcription. The mechanism of a transduction of a signal for interlejkinov is insufficiently clear now. The sympathetic system also brings the contribution to circulation of adrenaline and a part of Noradrenalinum from cerebral substance of adrenals [Kassil G. I, Matlina E.M., 1973]. By E.Gelgornom (19) and G.I.Kassilem it has been established, that in parallel with ­ simpatoadrenalovoj the system which in a sense is an antipode of the first is activated and vago-insuljarnaja. At activation of simpato-adrenal system (SAS) reactance (readiness for action) all sympathetic system (sensitive, impellent, psichhicheskih components) raises - it is accepted to name this reaction ergotropnoj.

a Fig. 5. The schematic chart of gipotalamo-GIPOFIZARNO-adrenal system showing the basic eisodic signals of a way of passage of a signal and a place of modulation and interaction. Designations: A T-II - angiotensin II, PG - Prostaglandinums ИЛ-1 - interlejkin-1, LTRG - a corticotropic rilizing-hormone, AVP - an arginine - a vasopressin, AKTG - a corticotropin (Lilly M.

P., Gann D.S.//Arch. Surgery. 2000) "

Activation vago-insuljarnoj systems is shown in inhibition, retardation, function normalisation - trofotropnaja reaction. Ergo - and trofotropnye functions, operate in an organism both sinergichno, and antagonisticheski depending on quantity of the allocated mediators. Except classical nejromediatorov

Acetylcholinum and Noradrenalinum, the sympathetic and parasympathetic department of vegetative nervous system is included by some subpopulations target-selective and nejrohimicheski the coded neurones which express various neuropeptids and, in some cases, ATP, okis nitrogen or lipide mediators of an inflammation. Adrenocorticotrophinum, neuropeptid Y (NPY) and somatostatin are found out in postganglionic noradrenergicheskih vasopressor neurones. Transmitters in sympathetic ganglions also it is modulated by the neuropeptids made by preganglionic fibers and intercalary neurones, also as well as primary eisodic collateral nerves [Nagatsu T., et al., 1984]. It is shown, that a serotonin, scale aminobutyric acid (GAMK), opioidnye peptides, Dofaminum can carry out stress - limiting functions, co-operating with stress-realizirujushchimi systems [Meerson F.Z., 1986].


Regulating, referring or redistributing an energy stream in an organism, stress hormones carry out nonspecific function on which basis new specific mechanisms of adaptation are under construction, providing resistance development at new level. Nonspecific activation of a brain extends on neuroendocrinal formations of a hypothalamus in which there is a switching of excitation with nervous on an endocrine way (adenogipofiz).

Formation new adaptativnoj systems occurs at obligatory reorganisation of work of the genetic apparatus of a cell as it is necessary that in cells and the organs forming such system, there were the structural changes fixing system and enlarging its physiological power [Ely D., et al., 1996; Kvetnansky R., et al., 1996]. Through interrelation between intensity of influence of external factors and activity of the genetic apparatus the augmentation of synthesis of nucleic acids and fibers is carried out, there is a formation of a structural trace in the systems specifically responsible for adaptation of an organism to the given concrete factor of medium.

1.2.1.1.

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Scientific source INGA MAMUCHISHVILI. INTERRELATION STRESS-INDUCED of DISTURBANCES In nejrogumoralnoj to SYSTEM And SYSTEM of POWER SUPPLY At TEENAGERS. The DISSERTATION on competition of a scientific degree of the doctor of medical sciences. Tbilisi - 2006. 2006

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Other medical related information the Central nervous system:

  1. THE LITERATURE LIST
  2. programs of regenerative correction perinatalnyh disturbances of nervous system at children
  3. 3.1. Features perinatalnogo the period of observable children
  4. THE LITERATURE LIST
  5. THE LITERATURE LIST
  6. 1.2. A role of vegetative regulation in formation of an arterial hypertensia
  7. THE LITERATURE LIST
  8. INTRODUCTION
  9. the Central nervous system
  10. the Neuroendocrinal control of the answer to stress
  11. Endocrine regulation at a bronchial asthma
  12. 2.2.1. A condition stress-limiting of systems of teenagers at ­ informatsionnoemotsionalnom an overstrain and the general mechanisms of adaptation of teenagers to various extreme and ecological factors.
  13. the Functional answer and reserve possibilities stress-limiting of systems at chastobolejushchih teenagers.
  14. THE CONCLUSION
  15. THE LITERATURE LIST
  16. 2.1 General clinical characteristic of surveyed children.
  17. Chapter 3. RESULTS of RESEARCH of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM At CHILDREN With the CEREBRAL ISCHEMIA DIFFERENT GESTATSIONNOGO AGE.
  18. CONCLUSIONS.