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a technique reooftalmografii

Reografija eyes has gained a wide circulation in ophthalmology practice as a method, allowing to study haemodynamics of an eye in the conditions close to the physiological. Presence anastomozov between back short and long arteries of an eye allows reograficheski to investigate a condition
Haemodynamic loudspeakers not only in tsiliarnom a body, but also integralno in all vascular section and an eye retina.

The method reooftalmografii has been offered in 1955 in Czechoslovakia, Sverak, Macik and Kucera [29], L.A.Katsnelsonom with 1962 on 1977 developed. The special attention was given to a design of electrodes, the most successful designs have offered Katsnelson (1968), Sazonov (1970), Betelgelm (1972) and CHibirene (1974).

In 70 and the beginning of 80th years of the last century a technique widely enough used in the clinical and scientific purposes, researches on selection of optimum conditions and parametres of affecting [32] were carried out. Blood circulation parametres as were investigated directly at eye pathologies (a thrombosis of the central vein of a retina, otslojka retinas, miopija, poug, new growths), and at the diseases which are not referring to to an eye, including system: an atherosclerosis, a hypertension, gipotireoz, tireotoksikoz, a rheumatic heart disease, sklerodermija, brain abscesses, a climacteric syndrome, system red volchanka and others. There are publications in which researches of occupational diseases are presented, for example, a chronic intoxication petroleum derivatives of workers of matching manufacture.

Working out of a technique of a local hypothermia [42] in the nineties has allowed to raise the last century informativnost the HORN (Drawing 1.9 see). It has given the chance to size up in a total storage a functional condition intraokuljarnyh vessels.

Others offered reograficheskie tests (medicamentous, ortoklinicheskie and so forth) possessed common fault since they affected vascular system of all organism. From this point of view a moderate local hypothermia of an eyeball with the subsequent reograficheskoj registration of the changes occurring in intraokuljarnyh vessels under the influence of the low
Positive temperatures, completely meets the requirements of diagnostic of vascular reactions of eyes.

Drawing 1.9 - Conducting a research HORN:

Typical diagnostic study;

Diagnostic with application of a local hypothermia

Subsequently has been developed automated reografichesky a complex which allowed to analyse to 50 parametres reooftalmogrammy. Short history of development of a method the HORN see in the application 2.

The method reooftalmografii allowed to size up a condition of system of blood circulation of fast-head department of an eye. ESO it was installed on an open eye, in connection with these the algorithm of conducting reooftalmografii (Drawing 1.10 see) assumed additional researches of an eye, such as a biometry.

Drawing 1.10 - the Characteristic aspect of a signal the HORN (a healthy eye)

The characteristic aspect of a signal a HORN gained on a healthy eye, is resulted on Drawing 1.11 [42]. All displaid signals were scaled on

kalibrovochnyj a signal, and functional diagnostic of a vascular race course consisted in comparison of the HORN-SIGNAL before functional test and in a various time after it.

Unfortunately, in the literature not enough the technical information on used hardware components in the presented researches, that essentially complicates the analysis and adequate comparison.

Drawing 1.11 - the Characteristic aspect of a signal the HORN (a healthy eye)

It is necessary to note, that in the literature on ophthalmology there is incorrect or even an erroneous description of parametres reograficheskogo the researches, distinct from classical reografii, medicine applied in another areas. In particular, values of currents by force 3А are resulted at frequency of 100 Hz [10] while currents as amplitude nearby 3 ma frequency 100 kgts are considered as the bioadequate. Was quite possiblly, that presence of similar errors in the method description did not promote extending reografii with reference to ophthalmology.

The basic parametres reooftalmograficheskoj a curve allow to spend its mathematical machining with calculation of volume parametres of a blood-groove. At the analysis the HORN, as a rule, spend synchronisation reogrammy with the electrocardiogram. As the beginning of a cycle of warm activity consider an index point of tooth Q an electrocardiogram [42, s.12-13]. In a curve scraper reogrammy measure various time parametres and the general parametres of haemodynamics accepted in cardiology. It allows to analyse an eye blood-groove depending on warm activity. Before conducting of each session spend gauging of the device by a signal with amplitude to 0,5 Ohm. In the course of count of parametres
reogrammy (Drawing 1.12 see) a number of parametres is rationed on the gained values from kalibrovochnogo a pulse.

At the analysis the HORN is used by the parametres presented by Lazarenko [42]. One of the basic parametres is reografichesky an index which is defining a quantity sistolicheskogo of inflow of blood. Some parametres, such as dikrotichesky and diastolichesky factors, characterise a tone arteriol and type nejrovaskuljarnoj reactions of large vessels, others - extent of elasticity of walls of vessels of the various pass, their tone, extent krovenapolnenija.

to-has begun kardiosignala;

T1-has begun reovolny, with;

t2 - A time from the beginning reovolny to a point of its most abrupt lifting (a projection of an apex of the first derivative reovolny), with;

t3 - A time from G till the moment of determination of its maximum amplitude, with;

T - duration of all wave, with;

h - amplitude reovolny in a point of its most abrupt lifting, mm;

h1 - Amplitude reovolny (the maximum magnitude of lifting), mm;

h2 - Amplitude reovolny at level intsizury, mm;

h3 - Amplitude reovolny at level dikroticheskogo a tooth, mm;

K - amplitude of the first derivative reovolny, mm;

Drawing 1.12 - the Characteristic form the HORN and its first derivative

As it is noted in the same literature, in the found publications and clinical practice are used no more than three basic parametres.

Electrodes for reooftalmografii have prilimbalno in area tsiliarnogo bodies. It is supposed, that the method allows to size up a blood-groove in the core in a zone back long tsiliarnyh arteries, but the contribution horoidalnogo blood circulations is not expelled also.

From references it is known, that has been developed at least three designs of electrodes [42]. The greatest extending electrodes of a design of I.K.Chibirene [29, с.27], representing pellucid, with a flat overhead wall have gained a cup which is the kep of silver electrodes.

The sensing transducer is installed directly on an eyeball and kept on it by means of small vacuum (3. 5 mm hg), created by a sucker. The sensing transducer has small weight, and the created vacuum does not complicate outflow of an intraocular liquid and does not influence level of intraocular pressure (Drawing 1.13 see). The control of reasonableness of superposition of the sensing transducer on an eyeball is carried out on the resistance displaid reografom which should not exceed 320 Ohm [42, с.12].

Drawing 1.13 - Widespread designs of electrodes for reooftalmografii: Betelgelma; CHibirene; Katsnelsona; modern implementation of electrodes of design CHibirene

The set of sensing transducers was usually used, which are discriminated by diameter skleralnoj parts (from 19 to 21 mm) and cup altitude (from 12 to 13 mm). Selection of the necessary sensing transducer was carried out after ehobiometrii.

As at conducting of research the patient tests considerable discomfort, signal registration reooftalmogrammy is spent after double enibulbarnoj anaesthesias 0,25. 0,5 percentage solution dikaina.

The above described features of conducting a research HORN, despite advantages before other techniques, have a number of deficiencies:

-Conducting ehobiometrii for sensing transducer selection;

-Necessity of a double anaesthesia;

-Risk to damage a cornea or to bring an infection;-essential discomfort of the surveyed.

In communication by it, for elimination of deficiencies of a technique the HORN the assumption has been made, that use of modern hardware-software means will allow to spend reooftalmograficheskoe research at superposition of electrodes not on an open eye, and on closed - on an eyelid (transpalpebralno). It is necessary to note, that in 1963 in the USSR and in 1965 in the USA separate tryings were carried out to spend signal registration reooftalmogrammy through an eyelid [29, c.21], but in view of complexity of construction of model of carried out research from this way have refused.

The way of superposition of electrode system offered in dissertational work on an eyelid, besides exclusion of the above-stated deficiencies, gives side benefits:

- Application possibility tetrapoljarnogo a method (instead of bipolar), that raises reliability of gained parametres;

- Possibility of abbreviation of duration of research to several kardiointervalov (from 5 to 20), that largely reduces the effects connected with superposition of electrodes and adaptive reactions of an eye on external affecting;

- Application modern reograficheskoj and computer technics allows to devide out essentially gabarits of necessary apparatus maintenance, processing time reogramm, labour content of conducting of diagnostic study.

The assumption presented above has laid down in a basis of creation of a new technique of conducting reooftalmograficheskogo diagnostic studies. The bioengineering system of research of haemodynamics of an eye has been developed for representation of mechanisms of interacting of biological and technical elements of system with use reooftalmografii, applied transpalpebralno.

1.5.

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Scientific source SHAMAEV DMITRY MIHAJLOVICH. BIOENGINEERING SYSTEM of RESEARCH of HAEMODYNAMICS of the EYE With USE transpalpebralnoj REOOFTALMOGRAFII. The dissertation on competition of a scientific degree of a Cand.Tech.Sci. Moscow - 2017. 2017

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