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2.5. postembrionalnoe development pililshchika

As have shown O.Ejhgorna's researches (Eichhorn, 1977, І977ь, 1979), duration of development of larvae pililshchika substantially depends on a population origin - its geographical position - and peculiar to this population peri an ode of mass summer, so both the period otrozhdenija and a food liyochinok.

In tab. In data of our supervision for prodolzhiyotelnostju developments of larvae pililshchika naturally and their comparison to average temperature of air and the photoperiod are cited at this time.

Table 13

Duration of development of larvae pililshchika,

Temperature of air and the photoperiod in the conditions of the Rostov area (1981 - 1983)

I 1 ■ ■ ■ ■-----|--------------1-----------g-------------f—----------—

j occurrence Dates іПродолжи-уСредняя {the Sum {Average

Year

;------------ !-------{T=L - {distemper - {will put • {the photoperiod

; lichi - {Koko - {nost {round a cart-} distemper - {at an o'clock.

{nok; round in °s is new {developments {spirit in {;

{{; in days і wasps {{

«• ■ • • •

1981 15.08 18.09 3.4 19,5 661,7 13,5/10,5
1982 9.09 б.10 28 12 L 348,6 12,0/12,0
1983 13.08 15.09 33 13,3 603,3 13, 5/10,5

From tabl ^ 13 it is visible, that duration of development of larvae pililshchika, contrary to a popular belief, has no direct communication with temperature during this period. So, in 1982 the period razyovitija was shorter than larvae, than in 1981, despite more

Short light day and lower average temperature vozyoduha.

Our data contradict results of laboratory experiences of some researchers where it has been proved positive prjayomaja communication between duration of development of larvae and average temperatures of air (Gossweia, 1936; Elens, 1953а; Dusaussoy, Geri, 1966$ Eichhorn, 1977b), and also dli - ACHE light DAY (Eichhorn, 1977 b), but will be co-ordinated with viyovodami A.A.Sharova and A.F.Safonkina (1930), asserting, that naturally by the autumn appreciable acceleration razyovitija larvae, despite decrease in average temperatures of air takes place. Apparently, it is regulated by change of length of light day.

K.Gyossvaldom (G’osswalcL, 1936) is constructed termogigro - gramme for larvae ordinary pine pililshchika which shows, that optimum for them is sochetayonie air temperatures 14-21°С and 40-95 %-s' relative humidity of air.

Larvae of younger age eat on the same hvoinkah on which there were layings of eggs, or on next to them. At first they pick only edges hvoinok, not touching the central vein. In advanced ages they destroy hvoinki completely, leaving untouched only vaginas '. At a lack of a forage they eat round also a bark of thin branches.

Larvae of younger age svedajut I will dress hvoinku for 3 days, while larvae of advanced ages - 6-12 hvoinok for one day (Schwenke (ed), 1982).

From time of the protection and till the end of the food period in a larva crone keep on branches colonies. Having destroyed needles on one branch, they creep all group on the untouched. For vre mja a food of a colony of larvae can be split up or, on the contrary, to become an inveterate drunkard, in the big colony as have shown G.Knerera's supervision

AND?

And To; Atvuda (kpegeg, Atwood, 1973), larvae have more than chances vvda as predators and parasites usually try kontsentriyorovatsja mainly on peripheral individuals »Well izvestyona protective reaction of larvae» They frighten off enemies the poveyodeniem, synchronously lifting a forward part of a body and letting out from a mouth a droplet of resinous substance With Рис*

In a colony there can be larvae of two - three and dane four age simultaneously »the Greatest final sizes the larvae developing later других* reach

At last stage of development of larvae of a colony larvae break up also they migrate on a crone »At this time can dissipate on considerable distances (Dusaussoy, Geri, 1966). MigraYOtsija larvae of coins to occur and at earlier stages razviyotija at high density of population. So, in 1930 in KamensYOkom timber enterprise during flash mass razmnonenija larvae dviyogalis on a laying dense columns from obedennyh wood sites to even not ordinary. Similar not the phenomenon was marked and Д*Ни-vojnovichem (Zivojinovic, 195а) *

Having stopped a food, larvae after last moult (svobodyonye eonimfy) migrate to a place kokonirovanija and soon (in 1-2 days after a moult) start to twist a cocoon-. All period kokoniyorovanija, according to G.Eliesku (Eliescu, 1932), prodolnaetsja approximately 20 days »In tab. HA and on рис* 9 dynamics kokonirovanija eonimf ordinary pine pililshchika in 1931 is resulted

Apparently from tab. IA, the period kokonirovanija at males and at females was approximately identical and made, accordingly, 21 and 22 days. However males begin and finish kokonirovanie at - gradually for two days before females (fig. 9).

The general duration of development of the ordinary pine

. .g L ’.;. Ї L

' zhooja shchetok oozhshzhdajuk) about

KttfT? V* її §l ^ ї GJA??

AiX£a4> £m&£< X

ft, cocoons

Dates

With entjabr about ktjabr

Rio. 9 f dynamics kokonirovanija ordinary pine pililshchika in 1981

----------------------- Females, males

Table 14

Dynamics kokonirovanija the ordinary

Pine pililshchika in 1931

Floor '! Unit oso-! The account beat!

I

Dates of supervision

September t

1 16; 18; 21; 23; 25; 27; 29

October—I T “G

Quantity Itself cocoons

tsy in piece I 5 13 24 35 43 49 53 54 54

In % 1,8 9,2 24,1 44,4 64,0 88,9 90,7 93,1 IOO 100

Quantity Itself ** cocoons

ki in piece-2 6 9 12 41 61 81 82 84

In % - 2,4 7,1 10,7 14,2 48,8 72,6 96,4 97,6 100

pililshchika in a cocoon varies more strongly, than at all others pilil SHCHIKOV families Eiprionidae: FROM 10 days TILL 4-5 years (Schwen­ke (ed), 1982). It speaks presence at ordinary sosyonovogo pililshchika various on duration diapauzy eonimfy. Thus in a condition long dialauzy can be from About to ' 90 % of individuals. The share diapauz irujushchih individuals can change from year to year, but in some areas it is constant - or very small, or HIGH (Eichhorn, 1977).

Substantially diapauzu the photoperiod and temperature, and also genetically caused reactions razlichyonyh ekotipov pililshchika on these factors define.

In opinion (kejhgorna (Eichhorn, 1977 b, 1979), in bolyoshej degrees, than temperature, on indutsirovanie diapauzy vozdejyostvuet the photoperiod. To length of day the stage pililshchika is sensitive posledyonjaja lichinochnaja. If this stage develops in the conditions of long day (17/7 hour.) eonimfy develop without diapauzy. At reduction of a light phase in laboratory conditions
Till 16 o'clock or less, the considerable share eonimf enters in diapauzu, and at the 15-sentry and less a bottom practically all eonimfy diapauzirujut. It is noticed, that ekotipy pililshchika from northern shiyorot demand more long light phase, that indutsiyorovat development, free from diapauzy, than southern ekotipy.

On fig. 10 change of duration of light day in the conditions of the Rostov area for May-July is shown. Apparently from fig. JU and its comparisons to terms of development of the first generayotsii ordinary pine pililshchika, specified in nastavleyonii on supervision AL.Ilinskogo, etc. (1965), the development period liyochinok last age coincides with average prodolzhitelnoyostju light day of 16 hours.

The moment of an exit from diapauzy and transition to morfogenezu opredeyoljaetsja on occurrence of pronymphs which differ presence zachayotochnyh kukolochnyh eyes. The individuals, taking off in the spring (in April - May), have kukolochnya eyes in the autumn (Eichhorn, 1979). In days of our researches of the pronymph appeared directly ahead of a start pililshchika from cocoons: in 1981 and 1983 gg - in bases nom in July, and in 1982 - in August (fig. II see). Autumn uchyo you of cocoons have shown full absence of pronymphs and, as consequence of it, next year absence of spring summer pililshchika was observed.

Transition proniyf pililshchika in a doll occurs through tench KU, proceeding about I hour (Eliescu, 1932).

Speed of development proniyf and dolls is directly proportional to temperature (Dusaussoy, Geri, 1966). Usually the stage of the pronymph proceeds 3-4 days (Eliescu, 1%2), but can be tightened till 14 days (vasic, Sivojinovic, I960). Doll development LASTS 6-12 days (Ceballos, Zarco, 1952 5 Vasic, Zivoaino - vic, I960).

Length

Fig. IO. Duration of light day in Kamensk area of the Rostov area () and the scheme of development of the first geyoneratsii ordinary pine pililshchika at bi - voltinnom a development cycle ()

The developed adult insects in expectation of favorable weather can be in a cocoon of 1-7 days (Eliescu, 1932;

Sturm, 1942) # At an exit from a cocoon imago vygryzajut cheljustjayomi on its top the wide aperture with equal edges ^ ZHhod pililshchika from cocoons is usually observed in the middle of day »

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Scientific source Harlashina Anna Vladimirovna. Ecology and forestry significance of the common pine sawfly (Diprion L.) in the pine forests of the steppe zone. Thesis for the degree of Candidate of Biological Sciences. Moscow, 1984. 1984

Other medical related information 2.5. postembrionalnoe development pililshchika:

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