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history of development of graphic ways of visualisation

Visualisation in a general sense - a method of representation of the information in the form of the optical image (for example, in the form of drawings and photos, schedules, charts, block diagrammes, tables, cards etc.).

Very effectively visualisation is used for representation initially not the visual information [36].

The mankind uses mass of ways with which help receive various kinds of a graphic representation. The most apply from them were framed and improved within many centuries [5].

The history has kept few historic facts on which probably to present development of graphic ways of display of the information. But it is obvious, that their bases were pawned in a primitive system.

1.1.1. Primitive drawings

Surveying evolution of images, it is necessary to address to sources - to ancient drawings and pictogrammes. Also graphic tongue here is formed and arises, and ways of images is its basis. From history we know, that the drawing has arisen as a communication medium between people even before writing creation. And then on its basis it was formed risunchatoe the letter. In an antiquity nations of the world any information, reports on operations, reports of political and business character, love
Messages, magic spells, transferred by means of drawings. Ancient hieroglyphs are planimetric drawings. This feature "makes related" images with writing [1].

Ancient petroglyphic lists testify to origin of a cartographical method of an information transfer which within many centuries developed and improved.

The Babylon drawing is considered one of the most ancient cards (for 2500 BC), executed on the clay tablet [2]. Drawings, plans and drawings of a medieval epoch do not testify to any development of existing ways of images.

Only in Renaissance, bases of visualisation of the technical information have been put in pawn by new graphic ways, prospect laws opened. Leonardo da Vinci (1452-1519) in the inheritance to descendants has left drawings of a flying machine, a parachute, throwing cars. Its graphic representations have been executed by especial way - prospect »and is used in a drawing, architecture, design, painting [21].

The drawing cannot give full representation about structure, the internal device and the true sizes of represented object, its long time used, as the basic technical documentation at which the help erected various buildings and constructions. As an example the well-known Sofia cathedral can serve in Kiev (XI century) which has been erected on drawings. In Ancient Russia the Novgorod and Moscow temples have been constructed on drawings and many other things known ancient monuments [5].

Development of ways of visualisation in Russia occurred original by. On miniatures XIV-XV centuries it is possible to observe the images reminding modern axonometrical images and technical drawings, used in the modern world in schedule [25].

In Russia drawings were made by draftsmen - "chertezhshchikami". The first mention of them can be found in «the Pushkarsky order» Ivan IV. Other images - drawings-drawings which represented a kind on a construction «from height of the bird's flight» and were in large quantities applied by Russian builders and masters. As an example, executed by Godunov P the drawing-plan of a part of the Kremlin can serve in the beginning of XVII century [1].

Rapid development of means has provoked necessity to improve ways and methods of graphic representations. In XVIII century conditional and frequently the primitive drawing gives way to a new kind of graphic visualisation - to the drawing. Draftsmen in Russia and tsar Peter I executed drawings a method which will be named after a while by a method of rectangular projections, and the founder of this method is the mathematician and engineer Gaspar Monzh. By order of Peter I plotting teaching in all technical educational institutions [1, 40] has been entered.

There were the new kinds of images named profiles which were prototypes of modern images in system of three projections applied in drawings, large-format copying of drawings.

Sevastjanov J.A. has published work which has allowed to give to drawings big informativnost in 1818, thereby has brought the huge contribution to development of technical drawing [21].

1.1.2.

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Scientific source Grivkov Alexey Sergeevich. the CLINICO-FUNCTIONAL SUBSTANTIATION of the METHOD of CREATION And REALIZATION THREE-DIMENSIONAL DESIGN of the PROJECT REGIONAL PARODONTA AT AESTHETIC PROSTHETICS. The DISSERTATION on competition of a scientific degree of the candidate of medical sciences. Great Novgorod - 2014. 2014

Other medical related information history of development of graphic ways of visualisation:

  1. the Appendix 4 Program of Training of development of psychological readiness for innovations